Thoughts on the Development of Twelfth Five-Year Plan in China

I. Development status, development trend and situation of China's tungsten processing industryî€„

(1) Development status î€„

China's tungsten processing industry is in a critical period of industrial adjustment, product upgrading, enterprise restructuring, and resource integration. There is still a big gap between tungsten processing technology, equipment level and independent innovation capability compared with foreign advanced standards.

1. Significant economic benefitsî€„

Since 2004, China's tungsten industry has emerged from the lows for many years, got rid of the difficulties, achieved a historic leap, and the overall economic benefits have improved significantly. In 2003, the sales revenue of the whole industry exceeded 10 billion yuan. In 2008, it reached 3.9 billion yuan and the profit was 3.84 billion yuan. In 2008 China hard alloy sales revenue reached 11.36 billion yuan, up 95.19 percent over 2004's 5.82 billion yuan; profits of 1.13 billion yuan, an increase of 117.31 percent over 2004's 520 million yuan. In 2009, China's tungsten industry was severely affected by the global financial crisis and its economic efficiency declined. î€„

2. The level of process technology and equipment has been significantly improved.

A batch of technological transformation, expansion and new projects with investment of several hundred million yuan have been completed and put into production, and a number of emerging tungsten processing enterprises have emerged. Through the introduction of advanced technological equipment and technical transformation, spray drying and gas pressure sintering equipment have been localized; Significant progress has been made in the formation of quality alloy forming technology, gas pressure sintering technology and new materials research, some of which have been at the world's leading level; product development speed is accelerating, the company's independent innovation capability has been enhanced, and the level of process equipment and product quality of cemented carbide Both have improved, economic strength and international competitiveness have increased.

3. Significant growth in production capacityî€„

According to the statistics of China Tungsten Association, at the end of 2009, the APT production capacity of 55 households of tungsten smelting enterprises was 180,000 tons; the production capacity of tungsten powder of 70 households of tungsten powder production was 61,600 tons; the production of cemented carbides of 199 hard alloy production enterprises The capacity is 34,900 tons, which is 3.88 times that of 2000: the tungsten wire production capacity of 34 households of tungsten wire production reached 40 billion m, four times that of 2000.

4. The competitiveness of the international market has been enhanced.

According to customs statistics, the average annual comprehensive price of tungsten products exported from 2006 to 2008 was stable at more than 30,000 US dollars / t metal. In 2008, the average annual export price of tungsten products was 34,287 US dollars / t metal, which was 4.62 times that of 1998, 7414 US dollars / t metal; in 2008, the export of cemented carbide 3924.8t (physical quantity), an increase of 160.27% over the 1508t in 2000. The export value was 228 million US dollars, an increase of 75.38%. In 2009, except for individual tungsten products, the cumulative average export prices of most tungsten products decreased significantly. The average annual export price of tungsten products was 26,032.64 US dollars/t metal, down 24.07% year-on-year, close to the 2005 price level. .

5. Further optimization of export product structureî€„

The grades of export products have been improved year by year. The export volume of primary raw materials tungsten products has been declining year by year. The output and export volume of tungsten products in the terminal consumption have increased. The pattern of exporting junior and middle-grade tungsten products has improved year by year. In 2008, the export volume of junior and intermediate tungsten products accounted for 81.86% of the total export volume, which was 5.9 percentage points lower than that of 2007. The terminal consumption of tungsten products such as cemented carbide, tungsten wire and tungsten bar accounted for 18.14%, which was 5.9 higher than that in 2007. Percentage points. In 2009, exports of tungsten intermediate products accounted for 74.08% of total exports, down 6.98 percentage points from 2008; exports of tungsten, tungsten and hard alloys accounted for 25.92% of the total. î€„

(II) Development trendî€„

1. Demand for tungsten market keeps growing î€„

World tungsten consumption is mainly concentrated in China, Europe, the United States and Japan. The world's tungsten consumption increased from 53100t (tungsten metal, the same below) in 2003 to 64600t in 2007, a net increase of 11,500t, an increase of 21.66%, an average annual growth of 5.02%. Consumption declined in 2008, with consumption at 63,100t. It is expected that the growth rate will remain around 4% in the future. î€„

In 2009, China's tungsten consumption was 27,500 tons, an increase of 61.76% over the 17,000 tons in 2003, with an average annual growth rate of 8.35%. It is predicted that the average annual growth rate will be about 6% in the next five years. There are mainly the following aspects:

Industries closely associated with tungsten will continue to drive demand for tungsten. China's industrialization, urbanization and rapid development, steel industry, automobile industry, equipment manufacturing, transportation, electronic information, energy and other industries of mining and the demand for high-performance carbide will be steady growth, consumption of more than carbide 50% of total tungsten consumption.

Demand for high performance tungsten-based alloy materials is growing. In the future, high-tech weaponry and equipment manufacturing, advances in cutting-edge science and technology, and rapid development of nuclear energy are in urgent need of high-performance tungsten-based alloy materials. Tungsten-based alloys are used to manufacture the key components of the armor and armor that attack various armor targets, the gyroscope inertia components of aircraft such as satellites and aircraft, the high temperature anti-ablative of the rocket, missile combustion chamber, nozzle, throat lining and rudder. Components, nuclear reactor insulation and radiation shielding materials have an irreplaceable position and role.

Demand for products such as tungsten wire and tungsten will continue to grow. Tungsten wire is used in electric light source materials to "light up" the world. Tungsten wire is widely used in electric vacuum lighting materials, direct hot cathode and grid of electronic oscillating tube, cathode of high voltage rectifier and side hot cathode, heater, X-ray tube and gas discharge tube , contacts for radio equipment and inert gas shielded welding, plasma welding, cutting, thermal spraying, etc.; tungsten and tungsten rods are also used in high temperature furnaces (up to 3000 Â° C) heaters: high performance shock resistant tungsten wire for national defense , aviation, automotive manufacturing and electronics industries. With the rapid development of transportation and electronic information industry, the demand for tungsten wire, tungsten and other products will continue to grow. î€„

2. Tungsten processing products develop to high performance, high precision and high added valueî€„

At present, high-speed machining has been widely recognized as a processing technology that increases production and reduces manufacturing costs. Increasingly demanding machining requirements require continuous improvement of machining conditions and improved tool design, as well as the continuous development of tool materials and coating technology. The application of nanomaterials, nanostructure coatings, coating coating technology in cemented carbide tools and tools, and ultra-fine cemented carbides will be the development direction of cemented carbide products. The machinery manufacturing industry will develop in the direction of precision, numerical control and comprehensive capability. It is necessary to develop tungsten products, especially hard alloys, in the direction of high-grade, small-batch and multi-variety. î€„

In the research and processing of new materials, high-performance products, advanced technology and equipment will be the development trend. Such as high-precision cemented carbide and matching tools, functionally graded materials, ultra-fine and nano-scale cemented carbide development, hard alloy near-net forming technology, development and application of cermet, non-metallic ceramics, computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) In the application of cemented carbide manufacturing, the development, application and development of tungsten-based alloys, the development of high-performance special tungsten wire. î€„

3. The tungsten resource is rapidly developing to the downstream processing industryî€„

Hunan's cemented carbide production accounts for more than a quarter of the country's total: Sichuan's cemented carbide production accounts for more than 15% of the country; Guangdong's PCB micro-bit production continues to rank among the top four in the world; Fujian's tungsten wire production will continue to rank first in the world The downstream industries such as Jiangxi cemented carbide have developed rapidly and continue to expand. The total economic output of tungsten industry has exceeded 50% of the total economic volume of the national tungsten industry. At the end of 2008, Jiangxi's APT production capacity reached 86,700 tons, accounting for 48.17% of the national APT production capacity. The annual production capacity of cemented carbide after new construction and expansion has reached 5,300 tons, accounting for 15.2% of the country, an increase of 430% over 2004. The production of tungsten and iron in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces accounted for more than half of the country's total; Henan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Gansu and other provinces (regions) also began to develop toward the downstream industries of tungsten. î€„

(3) The situation facing î€„

1. The world's competition for tungsten strategic resources will become increasingly fierce.

Due to the scarcity of tungsten resources in the world and its special strategic significance, developed countries have listed tungsten as an important strategic metal, and maintain a certain amount of reserves throughout the year, especially in the United States, Japan and other developed countries are increasing reserves. According to reports, the United States began to carry out strategic material reserves as early as 1939; Japan's tungsten metal import dependence is more than 90%, in order to maintain the competitiveness of its high-tech industry, the metal resource security policy that has been maintained for 20 years is revised and expanded. The reserve range of its rare metal varieties. Undoubtedly, the world's competition for tungsten strategic resources will become increasingly fierce. î€„

2. The competition for high-tech and high value-added tungsten deep processing products will be more intense.

The world's major tungsten companies and scientific research institutions have researched, developed and applied high-grade cemented carbide, high-performance tungsten-based alloys, special tungsten and tungsten materials, as well as new materials, new technologies, new processes and new equipment. In recent years, new technologies and processes in the production process and technology of cemented carbide at home and abroad mainly include: precision forming, injection molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, multi-atmospheric gas pressure sintering and CVD-PVD process. These processes have led to the advent of a variety of high performance new carbide materials. Since the 1980s, foreign countries have used the subsequent sintering heat treatment and deformation strengthening to increase the strength of tungsten-based high-specific gravity alloys such as W-Ni-Fe, and the piercing power of tungsten alloy armor-piercing bullets has increased greatly. For example, the core material of the German MD53 type tungsten alloy armor-piercing projectile has a static tensile strength of 1600 MPa and a 2000m range penetration thickness of 900 mm.

3. The future competition in the tungsten market will be more intense.

In the context of economic globalization, in recent years, foreign tungsten-based enterprises have continuously increased investment in tungsten mining and smelting and processing projects, established production and sales systems and networks all over the world, and through acquisitions, mergers, etc. , continuously expanding production capacity and market share, has formed an integrated pattern of production, R&D and sales centered on these companies. At the same time, a large-scale entry into China to establish a wholly-owned company, firmly control the technological advantages and seize the Chinese market. Its capital strength, technical level, business philosophy and marketing strategy are significantly better than Chinese companies.

For example, in recent years, the world's top five carbide inserts, tools and construction machinery companies have invested in China. Kenner Metals Co., Ltd. invested and built factories in Shanghai Pudong and Tianjin Development Zone to produce carbide inserts, drill bits, tool holders, etc.: Israel Isa Metal Cutting Group is a wholly-owned construction in Dalian Development Zone, integrating R&D, design and manufacturing. IMC International Metal Cutting Dalian Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the design, development and manufacture of carbide tools and related products; Sandvik Group has set up factories in Langfang, Hebei and Jiading, Shanghai to produce cutting tools and engineering tools; Italy SAMP and Shanghai Tools Factory Co., Ltd. jointly established a factory in Jiading, Shanghai; Japan's Tailuluo established Tailuo Superhard Tools (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and Tailuo Luo Superhard Tools (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Tianjin Branch. The above five major groups have basically monopolized the global hard alloy CNC blade market, and the market share of CNC blades in China's hard alloy enterprises is small. It is foreseeable that the market competition in the field of tungsten processing, especially in the field of deep processing, will become increasingly fierce in the future. î€„

Second, China's tungsten processing industry "Twelfth Five-Year" development ideas, development goals and development priorities

(1) Development ideasî€„

In-depth implementation of the scientific concept of development, adhere to the "developing in protection, protection in development" policy, in accordance with the principle of "comprehensive planning, scientific development, rational use, legal protection", make full use of domestic and foreign resources, focus on Recycling, vigorously develop circular economy, improve resource support capacity and comprehensive utilization of resources, and strive to narrow the gap between China's tungsten processing industry and foreign advanced enterprises. Correctly handle the current relationship with the long-term, local and overall, resource development and environmental protection, eliminate backward production capacity, and scientifically, rationally and comprehensively arrange tungsten processing technological transformation projects. Focus on the development of high-tech, high value-added high-end tungsten processing products, accelerate the development of well-known brand products with independent intellectual property rights and international competitiveness, and promote industrial restructuring and product optimization and upgrading. Promote the integration of tungsten resources and the development of tungsten enterprises, improve the overall economic strength and international competitiveness of China's tungsten industry, promote the comprehensive, coordinated, healthy and sustainable development of China's tungsten industry, and strive to transform China from a tungsten resource country to a tungsten industry power. .

1. Adjust the structureî€„

Focus on the development of high-tech, high value-added related high-end products, promote industrial restructuring, product optimization and upgrading and resource integration, promote the development of tungsten enterprise group, and establish a large-scale tungsten enterprise group with international competitiveness.

2. Technological innovationî€„

Adhere to the combination of technology introduction and independent innovation, accelerate the transformation of key technologies from introduction to digestion and re-innovation, from focusing on individual technology research and development to integrated innovation. Actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies, accelerate technological transformation, improve the level of process equipment and products, and develop patented technology products with independent intellectual property rights.

3. Eliminate backwardness

Strictly control capacity expansion, speed up the elimination of backward production capacity, promote the restructuring of upstream and downstream enterprises, support the development of deep processing, and optimize the industrial layout. We will promote energy conservation and emission reduction, save energy and reduce consumption, prevent pollution, and resolutely eliminate enterprises with backward processes, poor quality, destructive resources, waste of energy, environmental pollution, and conditions that do not have safe production conditions, and improve the overall strength of the industry.

2. Development goalsî€„

1. Overall goalî€„

Control the total amount of tungsten products, promote industrial restructuring, optimize the structure of tungsten products, eliminate low-level redundant construction, eliminate backward production capacity, promote industrial upgrading with independent technological innovation, accelerate the development of deep-processed products, continuously improve the grade of products, and comprehensively improve the level of technical equipment. Gradually build a sustainable industrial system of tungsten industry with advanced technology, reasonable structure, remarkable benefits, environmental protection standards and resource conservation, and enhance international competitiveness.

2. Development of total target î€„

We will effectively transform the economic development mode of the tungsten industry, focus on product structure adjustment and industrial upgrading, and strictly control the total amount of tungsten mining and tungsten processing capacity. Strive to the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the enterprises in China's tungsten industry statistics will achieve sales income of 80 billion yuan by 2015, industrial added value of 20 billion yuan, and profits of over 10 billion yuan; making full use of domestic and overseas resources and secondary On the basis of resources, the total production of tungsten concentrate is gradually controlled within 80,000 tons (WO 365%) through rectification and rectification; on the basis of adjusting the structure of export products, the export volume of primary metallurgical products is gradually reduced, so that the total export volume Control is within 30,000 tons (metal amount).

3. Structural optimization objectivesî€„

Market-oriented, asset-based, promote industrial integration and increase industrial concentration. Establish a cross-regional, cross-industry and even multinational tungsten enterprise group, optimize the organizational structure of China's tungsten industry, and form a number of advantageous enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands, strong international competitiveness, and one or two world-class enterprise groups.

Use the government's macro-control measures and market regulation to curb low-level blind and redundant construction. Adhere to the combination of digestion and absorption and independent innovation, vigorously develop intensive processing and application products, and focus on the development of high-value-added, well-known brand products with independent intellectual property rights and international competitiveness, so that the sales revenue of high-grade tungsten deep processing products account for tungsten processing products. The proportion of total sales revenue has increased from the current 25% to more than 40%, and the self-sufficiency rate of high-end CNC tools with advanced carbide products has increased from the current 10% to over 40%.

4. Technological progress goalsî€„

Further improve the level of process technology and equipment in tungsten smelting and processing enterprises, and strive to achieve close to or reach the world's advanced level of process technology equipment, product quality and major technical and economic indicators.

(III) Key points of developmentî€„

1, carbide î€„

Promote the application of new technologies and new processes such as precision forming, injection molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, multi-atmospheric gas pressure sintering and CVD-PVD. Key developments: ultra-thick, ultra-fine and nano-structured cemented carbides, including ultra-large carbide products, rods and solid carbide tools; functional grade hard alloys, including high precision, high performance, high add-on Carbide CNC inserts and matching tools, etc.; resource-replacement superhard materials, including cermet, non-metallic ceramics, etc. No tungsten or less tungsten superhard tool materials; intensive processing and kits, including various types of tools, mines, Oil , engineering mining tools, etc., such as PCB micro drills, shield cutters, etc.; precision molds and wear parts. î€„

2. Tungsten alloy and tungsten

Implement the boutique strategy and develop small-volume, multi-species tungsten processing products with special purity, special precision, specific shape and high-tech content, high added value, green and low pollution. Key developments: high-performance special tungsten wire, hard surface material, high performance ultra-thin, large tungsten plate; nano-tungsten alloy material, tungsten-based composite material, tungsten-based high specific gravity alloy and W-Cu composite material with special microstructure Special-purpose materials such as tungsten- copper composites and gradient-structured tungsten-copper composites: tungsten and tungsten alloy coating materials; new tungsten-based materials for high-tech applications such as defense, aerospace, electronic information, and new energy. .

Third, the main problems and policy recommendations

(1) The main problems î€„

1. The product structure is unreasonable, the added value is low, and the product quality and performance are far from the developed countries.

Although China has formed a number of hard alloy series and hundreds of grades, its output ranks first in the world, and it has made great progress in process technology and equipment. However, most cemented carbide manufacturers only produce sintered products. The products are mainly medium and low grade hard alloys, and the high value-added cemented carbide products such as high-precision tools, molds and engineering machinery parts are very low. The products of foreign companies are mainly tools and whole sets of large-scale tunnel mining machines and other construction machinery and equipment. The prices of these products are often several times or even dozens of times that of medium and low-grade alloys. For example, the leading domestic cemented carbide industry has an annual output of more than 4,000 tons of hard alloys, and its sales revenue is only one-half of the annual sales of more than 300 tons of high-performance cemented carbides. In 2009, the average annual price of imported tungsten in China was 108887.2 US dollars/t, which was 4.24 times of the export price. The average annual price of imported tungsten wire was 211990.6 US dollars/t, which was 3.00 times of the export price, and the price gap was still large. The pattern of exporting junior and intermediate tungsten products has not changed fundamentally. î€„

2. There are many enterprises, small scale, overcapacity, and low industrial concentration.

There are more than 600 large-scale cemented carbide enterprises in the country, only 2 enterprises with an annual output of more than 2000t, and less than 50 enterprises with an annual output of more than 100t. The long-term segmentation of the manufacture of materials and tool manufacturing of cemented carbide has not formed a mountain like Sweden. Large-scale enterprises such as cement and mold manufacturing with high concentration of industries such as K.K. Moreover, many companies are blindly expanding or building new plants in medium and low-grade cemented carbide products, resulting in overcapacity, low industrial concentration, low-price vicious competition, and low corporate efficiency. In recent years, China's cemented carbide production accounted for more than 40% of the world's total output, but the sales revenue is only 10 billion yuan, less than 8% of the world's total cemented carbide output. î€„

3. Industrial upgrading and structural adjustment still have a long way to go

Although China's tungsten processing industry has achieved many major achievements in technological innovation, promotion of industrial upgrading, adjustment of product structure, improvement of technical equipment level, and enhancement of international competitiveness, industrial upgrading and structural adjustment still have a long way to go. î€„

4. The investment in science and technology is small, and the ability of independent innovation is not strong.

The development of China's cemented carbide industry is biased towards the investment in fixed assets such as equipment and plants. The actual investment in science and technology is less than 3% of sales revenue. According to the 2003 sales revenue, the annual R&D expenditure of the whole industry is less than 200 million yuan (about 24 million US dollars), which is similar to the US R&D investment (about 23.6 million US dollars) in 2003. The lack of capital investment directly affects the matching and advanced nature of R&D equipment and instruments. At the same time, it is difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of R&D personnel. There are no major breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies and key areas, and there are few original core technology achievements, R&D level and innovation capability. The gap with foreign advanced enterprises is still very large.

(2) Policy recommendationsî€„

1. Improve the industry access system, study and formulate supporting regulatory measures, and stop low-level redundant construction.

In recent years, while the tungsten industry has achieved rapid development and improved economic efficiency, it has also led to low-level blind investment and overcapacity. It is recommended to improve the access standards for the tungsten processing industry, and to carry out qualification certification to raise the threshold for environmental protection.

2. Increase investment in science and technology and implement a strategy of strengthening science and technology and talents

It is recommended to increase the research on the basic theory of tungsten processing, key areas and cutting-edge technologies, research and develop original core technology achievements; strengthen the construction of corporate culture and talent team, and focus on cultivating high-quality management and technical personnel to achieve the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" "Tungsten industry development goals provide solid talent and intellectual support.

3. Further play the role of bridges and industry coordination of industry associationsî€„

Give full play to the professional advantages and industry coordination role of China Tungsten Industry Association, collect and release industry dynamic information in a timely manner, strengthen industry self-discipline, cooperate with the formulation and implementation of various government policies, reflect the demands of industry enterprises, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises, and maintain the industry. Stable and healthy development.

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