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Beneficiation plant's main role is to regulate ore storage facilities, mining and mineral processing and buffering to resolve because of the different working system within each mining and ore dressing plant supply imbalance of contradiction; ensure the maintenance, overhaul and production uptime, improve equipment operating rate Provide material distribution, transfer and neutralization conditions. The form and volume of the mine bin directly affects the cost and mineral processing production and must be reasonably determined in the design.
First, the type of mine
(1) Type of mine bin
Table 1 Types and application characteristics of mine bins by structure
The mine bins are divided into underground, semi-subterranean, ground, overhead, grab and ramp types according to their structure. See Table 1. The geometry of the mine bin can also be divided into round, square and rectangular. It adopts more circular cross-sections, which saves building materials due to uniform force. Compared with other types of mines of the same volume, it can save 1/3 of reinforced concrete; square and rectangular sections are used for distributing or buffering mine bins; Cone bottom (corner cone or cone), parabolic type, etc., the circular flat bottom structure is simple, the cost is low, but the dead angle is large, and more drainage ports are needed. The diameter of the circle is generally 4~15m.
(2) Common types of storage bins and their considerations
(1) The type of mine ore receiving bin should be determined according to the type and specifications of the coarse crushing equipment, the original ore transportation and unloading methods, and the topographic conditions. Rectangular funnel bins are generally used. Due to the large size of the original ore block, the volume of the mine bin should not be too large, mainly for buffering and production connection.
(2) Buffer distribution The mine bin is often used for crushing plants, and generally adopts trough-shaped mine bins. Large ore is often discharged at the bottom of a flat-bottomed trough. The ore with small grain size and fine ore is suitable for three- or four-sided inclined silos, which mainly solves the problem of balanced production of parallel operations.
(3) Intermediate ore mines or ore piles, which can be set up in a concentrating plant with a scale of 10,000t/d or more. Generally, after coarse crushing, before the fine crushing, more ground structures are used, and semi-underground structures are also used, but the investment is more. The discharge port is easy to block and is not easy to clean.
(4) Grinding ore bins generally adopt an elevated structure, and most of them adopt a round flat bottom and a trough-shaped cone bottom bin. Most of the storage bins in front of the mill are ground or semi-underground. The difference between equipment accidents and work systems used to regulate the production system for crushing and grinding operations.
(5) The product mine warehouse adopts the overhead type and the grab type.
(6) The type of loading bin mainly depends on the external transportation conditions. When the train is outbound, it adopts an elevated mining bin with fast loading and convenient operation. The bottom of the bin has a trough-shaped inclined bottom, a cone bottom and a round flat bottom. Gravable materials are mostly used in grab buckets. It is also convenient to use an elevated mine bin for car transportation.
(7) Need to consider the conditions of the location (such as climate), general layout, material conditions (such as particle size, mud, water, etc.), loading requirements, etc., as follows: 1) For areas with harsh climatic conditions, such as winter The temperature is very low, and the duration is long. In areas with heavy rain and heavy rainfall in summer, measures such as heat preservation, thawing, rain prevention and drainage must be taken. 2) When the layout of the general plan is relatively tight, use large-scale ore storage as little as possible. Mines should be dominated by other types of mines with small land occupation; 3) ores containing more ore and more water, try to use inclined bottom shaped ore, the inclination should be maintained at 60 ° ~ 70 ° when using large mines It can pre-screen the powder ore and then store the ore to reduce the blockage of the discharge port; 4) It is not suitable to use elevated mine bins for various concentrates with more water or more chemicals and more viscous, generally using grab mine bins; 5) The semi-underground mining bins with high cost and complicated handling should be avoided in the high groundwater level.
Second, the determination of the storage time (as shown in Table 2)
Table 2 Reference table of working conditions and storage time of storage warehouse
Ore
Working conditions
Mining time
Note
Original mine silo and heap
Railway Line, special vehicles
1~1.5d
The mine in the ore dressing plant is far away, the reliability of the transportation system is poor, and it can be set when a large amount of ore is purchased, but the investment is large, generally not used.
National railways and vehicles
1.5~2d
Cableway transportation
1d
Raw ore receiving mine
More than 900 cycles, packed with ore
More than one car
According to the actual processing volume of the crusher
There is a mining machine in front of the crusher
Large factory
0.5~2h
Medium factory
1~4h
Small factory
2~6h
Intermediate mine or mine disaster
general
1~2d
The size of the ore is about 10000t/d or more or less can be set. The small size of the ore can reduce the wear and tear on the transportation equipment and the lining.
Large concentrating plant has good transportation conditions
0.5~1d
Buffering and dispensing mines
Crowded to mine ore crusher
More than 2 wraps
It mainly depends on the difference in transportation capacity and equipment handling ability.
Transshipment bin
More than 1 skill
Before the broken work
10~15min
Before the fine crushing, before the closed screen crushing and screening machine, before the independent screening
15~40min
Loading station
Greater than the interval between batches
Rich ore mine, heap
Continuous operation
24~36h
The storage time of the intermediate mine can be less than 24h, and the small selection plant can increase the time properly.
Product mine
country
railway
Wagon supply and wiring are not tight
3~5d
Depending on the number of accidents in the production equipment and the conditions of transportation outside the factory
Wagon supply and line tension
5~7d
Enterprise line
2~3d
Highway steam
Car transport
Better condition
3~10d
Poor condition
3~15d
Inland navigation
7~15d
Domestic shipping
15~30d
Loading warehouse
Car transport
Greater than the interval between shipments
The volume of the loading bins transported by rail is calculated according to Equation 1.
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When the number of products is large or the variety is large, it is often transported by rail, and the volume of the loading bin can be calculated as follows.
m L =m(n G +tq m +t'q m ) (1)
Where m L - the storage capacity of the loading bin, t;
M——the unevenness coefficient of the ore, m=1.1~1.15;
N——the number of trains in the train;
G——carriage capacity, t;
T——the time that may be delayed at the time of departure, h;
t'——loading time, h;
q m ——concentration of concentrate in ore dressing, t/h.
Third, the effective volume of the mine
Where V is the effective volume he needs for mining, m 3 ;
M——the required amount of ore storage, t;
Ï——Ore loose density, t/m 3 .
After calculating the required effective volume, consider the ore angle of the ore, the ore and product transportation, and the configuration requirements, determine the size of each part of the discharge port and the body and the tilting of the inclined wall of the bottom of the warehouse, and then geometrically The three-dimensional graph calculation formula finds the geometric volume of the mine bin. In the calculation, it is necessary to consider the volume occupied by the "dead angle" that cannot be utilized in the mine bin. Effective volume V and geometric volume V. The ratio is called the mine utilization factor K, ie: K=V/Vo. The value of K in the formula is related to the size of the ore and the angle of repose of the ore. Generally, K is 0.9.
When determining the size of the ore discharge port, it is necessary to consider the ore particle size and the mining equipment. For coarse ore blocks (greater than 200mm), the width of the narrow side of the discharge port is generally about 3 times of the maximum block, and the width of the long side is Depending on the type of mining machine; for fine ore, the main reason for the discharge rate is to prevent clogging. The discharge ports are mostly round and square. The inclined angle of the inclined wall of the warehouse is 50°~55°, the small value of the lump ore is taken, and the fine value of the fine ore is taken.