Introduction An aerosol is a colloidal dispersion formed by dispersing a solid or liquid small particle of 0.001 to 100 microns and suspending it in a gaseous medium. Smoke such as fog, smog, dust, industrial boilers and unburned fuels from various engines, mining, quarry sand and solid dust from food processing are all aerosols. PM2.5 refers to particles in the atmosphere with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns, also known as lung particles. So some scientists think of PM2.5 as an aerosol. Pros and cons On the one hand, according to the unique properties of aerosols, it is applied to a range of consumer products, such as paints, detergents, perfumes, etc. In addition, in the fields of agriculture, medicine, environmental science, military science, etc., aerosols are also widely used. On the other hand, aerosols have a great destructive effect on the ecosystem. For example, CFC aerosols have a destructive effect on the atmospheric ozone layer. Smoke containing various oxides such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen can harm a variety of substances, including animals and plants. With the increasing population density and the rapid development of industrial production, the factors contributing to aerosol diffusion and production are becoming more and more obvious, and the impact of pollution on human health is also growing. Atmospheric Particles carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, automobile exhaust, industrial production, natural gas, coal burning, crematorium, and smoking are the source, in addition, also contains atmospheric particles DDTs, HCHs, PCBs and other persistent pollutants on human The nervous system, the immune system and the like have great harms, and the fine particles therein easily cause respiratory diseases and threaten human health. Pollution Prevention: 1, method It mainly uses water spray system to wash air and control urban air pollution. Secondly, it also adopts auxiliary treatment methods such as strengthening urban greening, improving fuel quality, reducing vehicle exhaust emissions, promoting the use of clean alternative fuels, and implementing regional district heating in winter. 2, in-depth study to find the root cause Nowadays, more and more people are fully aware of the dangers of air pollution and conduct in-depth research in order to find effective measures to control pollution, reduce and eliminate pollutant emissions from the root causes. Some of these research projects have achieved remarkable results. . The project "China's Air Pollutant Aerosol Formation Mechanism and Its Impact on Urban Air Quality" led by Professor Zhuang Guoshun of the Department of Environmental Science of Fudan University won the second prize of the National Natural Science Award. The research results of this research group reveal the source and formation mechanism of severe ash, especially high concentration fine particulate matter PM2.5 in China's urban agglomerations. It is first proposed that long-distance transmission of aerosols is an important source of urban air pollution and ash formation in China. They found that organic aerosols, sulfates, ammonium salts, nitrates and elemental carbon are direct factors of reduced visibility. Motor vehicle emissions are the main source of organic aerosols, nitrates and elemental carbon, revealing that controlling the growth of motor vehicles has become a top priority for China's large and medium-sized cities to improve air quality. To make an important contribution to the control of PM2.5 and improve China's air quality. 3. Strict regulations and strict emission limits On February 29, 2012, the State Council agreed to issue a newly revised Ambient Air Quality Standard, which increased the monitoring indicators for PM2.5 and ozone 8-hour concentration limits for fine particulate matter. Since then, PM2.5 has been officially incorporated into air quality standards for the first time. All provinces and municipalities have carried out fine particle monitoring work, and have made suggestions for controlling air pollution and actively implemented policies. On December 5, 2012, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Areasâ€. In response to the work of PM2.5, it was pointed out that in addition to continuing to promote monitoring, it is more important to control PM2.5 pollution sources from the source. Such as the emission of smoke and dust in the industrial sector. On January 16, 2013, the "Light Vehicle Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods (Phase V)" was publicly solicited for the second time. For the first time, it incorporates the number of particulate particles into the pollutant control project, tightening the limits of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, and raising the standard, reducing the emission limits of other pollutants, including reducing nitrogen oxides by 25%-28%. , drastically reduced the bicycle emissions of new production cars. 4, high-tech support In today's countries, air purifiers are used to control aerosol pollution. The dust removal technology mainly includes bag dust removal, electrostatic dust removal and venturi washing and dust removal. As the country's emission standards for major pollutants in the industry become increasingly stringent, the industrial dust dust control field will gradually phase out the electrostatic dust removal technology with weaker control effects, and turn into a comprehensive replacement period for bag dust removal technology. For the sake of the situation, China's particle testing equipment requires more sophisticated testing methods and accurate detection levels, strictly controlling the ambient air quality. This is not only a serious challenge for the particle detection instrument industry, but also an opportunity for development. Environmental protection is a protracted war. It requires not only the strict restrictions of national environmental protection policies and regulations, but also the conscious awareness of each citizen. In-depth study of aerosols, eliminating their harmful effects, and using beneficial effects are critical issues for China and the world. 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Recently, many cities in China have been shrouded in smog, PM2.5 values ​​have broken through the warning line, and Beijing's PM2.5 index has been repeatedly “explosiveâ€, and air quality has reached six levels of serious pollution, which has seriously affected the lives of urban residents. . In response to the current situation of heavy pollution in the past few days, the environmental protection department has launched a contingency plan, hoping to alleviate environmental pressure by adopting measures such as vehicle grading and restriction. So, what is the cause of this "fog" phenomenon? Let us go into the aerosol and come together to understand this air pollution.