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The general requirements are: Agricultural departments at all levels must strengthen scientific fertilization guidance, and formulate guidelines for scientific fertilization in autumn and winter in this region according to local conditions; recommend economical and reasonable amount of fertilizer, optimize fertilization period, adopt scientific fertilization methods, and effectively increase fertilizer utilization; guide farmers to choose Appropriate fertilizer varieties, reduce the cost of fertilizer input; encourage farmers to improve the structure of fertilization, increase organic fertilizer, and promote the return of straw.
First, the scientific guidance for rapeseed fertilization (a) the problems NPK generally low, non-coordinated nutrient ratio, organic fertilizer application, straw returning to low rates, boron and other trace elements.
(two) the principle of fertilization
1. Increase the use of organic fertilizers, promote the return of straw, and organic fertilizers;
2. According to the available boron status of the soil, supplement the boron fertilizer;
3. Appropriately reduce the nitrogenous fertilizer application rate and increase the proportion of the donkey-fertilizer;
4. The combination of fertilizer application and high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques.
(B) Fertilization Suggestions
1. Under conditions of more than 200 kilograms per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11-13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 7-9 kg/mu, borax 1 kg/mu;
2, under the conditions of 100-200 kg per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8-10 kg / acre, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-5 kg ​​/ acre, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 5-7 kg / acre, borax 0.75 kg / acre;
3, under the conditions of 100 kg per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 5-7 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 0-4 kg / mu, borax 0.5 kg / mu.
Fertilizer management: 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20-30% as wintering seedling fertilizer, and 20-30% as manure fertilizer. The manure fertilizer in the three-maize system should be moved forward; Potash 60% is used as base fertilizer, 40 % for manure; phosphate fertilizer and boron fertilizer as base fertilizer.
If the basal fertilizer is applied to farmyard fertilizer, the base fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.
Second, potato science fertilization guidance (a) the problem Organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer is insufficient.
(two) the principle of fertilization
1. Optimize the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer according to the level of soil fertility;
2, increase the application of organic fertilizer, promote organic and inorganic application;
3, according to the soil potassium status, appropriate potassium fertilizer;
4, fertilizer application should be combined with high yield and quality cultivation techniques.
(3) Fertilization Suggestions
1, under the conditions of more than 3,000 kilograms per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 11-13 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-6 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 14-17 kg / mu;
2, under the conditions of 2000-3000 kg per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 9-11 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-5 kg ​​/ mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 12-14 kg / mu;
3, under the conditions of 1500-2000 kg per mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 7-9 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3-4 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 9-12 kg / mu;
4. Under the conditions of 1500 kg/mu per mu: Nitrogen (N) 6-7 kg/mu, Phosphorus (P2O5) 3-4 kg/mu, Potassium (K2O) 7-8 kg/mu.
Fertilizer management: 70% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 30% is used as top-dressing fertilizer; phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are all used as base fertilizer. Mushi 1000-2000 kg organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. For boron- or zinc-deficient soils, borax 1 kg/mu or zinc sulfate 1-2 kg/mu can be applied.
Third, citrus science fertilization guidance (a) problems Organic fertilizer input is insufficient, soil acidification is serious, the amount of fertilizer used by farmers is quite different, the ratio and distribution of fertilizer is unreasonable, trace elements are generally lacking.
(two) the principle of fertilization
1, pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer, vigorously develop orchard green manure;
2, the appropriate amount of lime, soil improvement;
3. Optimize the reasonable application amount and time of NPK fertilizers, and pay attention to the application of fruit fertilizers in autumn;
4, appropriate to supplement the trace elements.
(3) Fertilization Suggestions
1. Orchard with over 3,000 kg per mu: organic fertilizer 1000-2000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 25-35 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-12 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 20-30 kg/mu ;
2. 1500-3000 kilograms of orchard for the production of per mu: organic fertilizer 1000-2000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 20-30 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-10 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 15-25 kg/ mu;
3. Orchards below 1500 kg/mu: organic fertilizer 1000-2000 kg/mu, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-25 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6-8 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10-20 kg/mu .
Fertilizer management: fertilization in autumn and winter (fruit fertilization): 20%-30% of nitrogen fertilizer, 40%-50% of phosphate fertilizer, 20%-30% of potassium fertilizer, all organic fertilizer before and after fruit picking in November-December; spring fertilization (Fertilizer): 30%-40% of nitrogen fertilizer, 30%-40% of phosphate fertilizer, and 20%-30% of potassium fertilizer are applied before flowering in February-March; summer fertilization (strong fruit fertilizer): 30%-40% of nitrogen fertilizer 20%-30% of phosphate fertilizer and 40%-50% of potassium fertilizer are applied from June to July. Phosphate fertilizers prefer calcium magnesium phosphate or superphosphate. Boron or zinc-depleted orchards use 0.5-0.75 kg of borax and 1-1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per acre. After being mixed with organic fertilizers, they are used in autumn; in orchards with a PH value of 5.5, 60-80 lime or dolomite is used per acre. Kg, 50% in autumn, 50% in summer.
IV. Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization for Vegetables in Autumn and Winter in Sunlight Greenhouses (I) Problems in Sunlight Greenhouses Vegetables in autumn and winter are mainly fruit and vegetable (cucumber, tomato, etc.), leafy vegetables (celery, lettuce, etc.), and the main problems in fertilization are: Excessive fertilization is common and the fertilization ratio is unreasonable. Excessive irrigation results in serious loss of nutrients.
(two) the principle of fertilization
1. Based on the level of soil fertility, consider comprehensively the supply of environmental nutrients, and appropriately reduce the amount of NPK fertilizer;
2. The old vegetable shed should pay attention to straw composting, and less manure;
3, early growth should not be frequently top-dressing, pay attention to the middle and late fertilizer;
4. Use reasonable irrigation technology to achieve water and fertilizer integration.
(3) Fertilization Suggestions
1. Cucumber: Under the condition of 2000-2500 kg/mu, apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 20-25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N)/mu, and 7-10 kg/mu of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5); Potash fertilizer (K2O) 15 - 20 kg/mu. All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers were used as base fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers were used as base fertilizers at 30%, 70% were applied at the beginning of the fruiting period to the stage of fruiting melon; potassium fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer at 50%, and 50% were collected from the early stage of fruiting to the fruiting period. Shi.
2. Tomato: Under the condition of 3500-4000 kg per mu, apply 1000-2000 kg organic fertilizer per acre, 15-20 kg/mu nitrogen fertilizer (N), 7-10 kg/mu phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5), potassium fertilizer (K2O) 18 - 24 kg/mu. All organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers were used as base fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer at 30%, 70% was applied at intervals after the 1-2 earliest fruit, potassium fertilizer was applied at 50%, and 50% was combined with nitrogen fertilizer after the 1-2 ear fruit. The next topdressing.
3, celery: under the conditions of 4000 kg per mu, apply 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15-20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 5-8 kg/mu; potash fertilizer (K2O) 10-15 Kilograms/acre. Organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer were used as base fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer at 30% and topdressing as 70%. Potash fertilizer was used as the base fertilizer at 50% and topdressing at 50%.
Since the beginning of this year, the price of chemical fertilizers has risen sharply, and the cost of fertilizers used by farmers has increased significantly. This has seriously affected the enthusiasm of farmers in investing in fertilizers. It has been guiding the farmers' "scientific, economic, and environmental protection" fertilization to ensure stable grain production and effective supply of agricultural products. The expert group of formula fertilization developed the “Guidelines for Scientific Fertilization in Autumn and Winter 2008â€.