·The problem of yellow label car management has turned from urban to rural

“The people of Xi’an warmly celebrate the successful launch of the Big Wild Goose Pagoda!” Whenever I saw a similar Weibo, the people all over the country knew that the smog had visited Xi’an. Some netizens also compared the microblog maps taken in 2013 and this year. The former can see the trees, but now the rest is gray.

Not only the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the ancient city wall, the small wild goose pagoda, the Qujiang pool and other Xi'an landmark buildings have disappeared in the smog weather in the northern provinces around New Year's Day. Since December 28 last year, Xi'an has experienced smog for 11 days, including 4 days of severe smog weather with orange level.

Why is the smog "long-term cure" and even "increasingly intense"? The reason for this may be from the dilemma of the important measures of the “Yellow Label Vehicle Governance”.

As we all know, motor vehicle emissions are one of the "culprits" of smog. The elimination of yellow-label vehicles can even be traced back to the end of the last century. However, today, due to the "paper elimination" and "actual elimination" vehicle data exists. A large gap, China's yellow-label car elimination work is actually caught in the dilemma of "selling but not to eliminate".

"Actual scrap" changed to "Logged out"

Yellow label car more "paper elimination"

According to the data released by the national environmental protection department, the number of yellow-labeled vehicles that have been eliminated nationwide since 2015 is close to 1.2 million. According to the national plan, by the end of 2017, there will be 6 million old and yellow-label vehicles in the country that need to be scrapped.

In October 2015, the Ministry of Environmental Protection reported the progress of the elimination of yellow-label vehicles in various provinces, which indicated that from January to August of that year, the elimination progress of more than half of the provinces was slow, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Gansu, Hubei, Henan, Guizhou, Qinghai, The progress of the elimination of 13 provinces such as Hainan, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Fujian, and Shaanxi is even less than 50%, of which Shaanxi has only completed one-third.

However, in mid-December 2015, the latest data released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection showed that the country has already completed the established goal of eliminating the yellow label car in 2015. Among them, Ningxia, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Gansu, Chongqing and other 10 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have exceeded the yellow label vehicle elimination tasks ahead of schedule; Tianjin, Tibet, Qinghai, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian Seven provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing completed the elimination tasks ahead of schedule; Sichuan, Zhejiang, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other 10 provinces (regions) completed 90% of the total number of yellow-label vehicles eliminated. the above.

However, the reporter found in the interview that the high-speed rise of data may be related to the change in the statistical mode of the yellow label vehicle of the environmental protection department. Some provinces and cities have changed the original “actual scrapped elimination number” into “the number of yellow label vehicles that have been cancelled”. The amount of completion of related work has been improved rapidly.

Some people said that it is very difficult to complete the elimination target if the statistics are based on the actual number of yellow scrapped vehicles. "Because neither the environmental protection nor the traffic control department has the power to compulsory scrapping the yellow-label car. The entire yellow-marked car that can be scrapped in Shaanxi is only 20% of the total number of vehicles. There are also a large number of buses."

Huang Wei, deputy director of the Pollution Prevention and Control Department of the Guizhou Provincial Environmental Protection Department, also believes that the yellow label vehicle is a private property. Excessive emission of exhaust gas is not caused by the owner of the vehicle. The owner of the vehicle itself is not illegal. In the absence of relevant legal basis, no department has forcibly scrapped it. Power, which has led to the heavy resistance of the yellow-label car to eliminate scrap.

"What we can do now is to guide the car owners to eliminate them ahead of time by policy, and force the owners to take the initiative to scrap by limiting the roads and deadline subsidies. But many car owners choose to sell the vehicles to the cities with stricter control, so that a large number of yellow-label cars look It seems that it has been eliminated from the city, but it is still driving on the rural roads. The situation of 'snap and not tidy' is more common." The relevant person in charge of the Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department said.

Less standard of subsidy

Restriction of the sale of the owner

Yu Xiang, manager of a repair shop in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, has a 2000-year-old Honda “Accord”. The car only ran 180,000 kilometers, and the car is in good condition. If it is scrapped in advance, according to the standards of Xi’an, he will be scrapped up by 2016. You may get a subsidy of 18,000 yuan, but if you sell it to the countryside, you can sell at least 30,000 to 40,000 yuan. "Who is willing to lose a lot of money in vain to scrap in advance?"

Yu Xiang’s idea represents a large part of the yellow label owner. Although most cities in the country and above have introduced policies, the owners of the yellow-label vehicles will be given a certain amount of economic compensation, and the subsidies for individual cities will be up to 80,000 yuan per vehicle. However, for the yellow-label owners in most areas, the “temptation” of early elimination is still very limited. Taking Guiyang City as an example, the Guiyang Yellow Label Vehicle Subsidy Policy was formulated in early 2015. As of the end of October 2015, the data showed that the subsidy funds only used 800,000 yuan, calculated with a maximum subsidy of 10,000 yuan, and only no more than 100 vehicles. The car applies for a subsidy.

The subsidy standard is vague and the file is too extensive, which is also the reason for the dissatisfaction of the yellow label owner. According to the Shaanxi Provincial Yellow Label Vehicle Subsidy Subsidy Standard, if the phase-out is completed before 2016, the subsidy standard for the cargo vehicles can be: 18,000 yuan for each heavy-duty vehicle, 13,000 yuan for each medium-sized vehicle, light vehicle Each subsidy is 9,000 yuan, and the subsidy for each vehicle is 6,000 yuan. The subsidy limit for passenger cars is: 18,000 yuan for each large vehicle, 11,000 yuan for each medium-sized car, and 7,000 yuan for each small car. Each subsidy is 5,000 yuan.

In this regard, Xi'an car owner Zhao Di expressed his own incomprehension. "It is unfair to divide the subsidy standard only by model. It is also a medium-sized car. A Poussin with a poor condition and a Mercedes-Benz with better condition can only get 11,000 yuan if it is scrapped in advance. That Mercedes-Benz owner I am definitely not willing. I think that such an extensive classification method is bound to reduce the enthusiasm of some yellow-label owners."

In some provinces, vehicles that have been labeled with yellow-label vehicles can be re-issued with environmentally-friendly green labels as long as they can be modified and exhausted, which is commonly known as “yellow to green”. However, Huang Wei and other professionals believe that the yellow label car is equipped with a set of exhaust gas treatment equipment, so that its particulate matter discharge reaches the level of “green label truck” of the national III or above standard, and may cost an investment ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 yuan. It is difficult to realize that the owner is completely self-sufficient, but the government subsidies are limited, and there are great difficulties in actual operation.

The reporter also found that most of the yellow-label owners who are willing to install exhaust gas treatment equipment belong to the newer truck drivers with newer vehicles. And more car owners are still willing to treat the vehicle as a used car, because it "saving money and saving things."

In order to force the owner to scrap the yellow label car in advance, many areas have issued corresponding regulations to restrict the yellow label car on the road and prohibit the yellow label car from buying and selling. This also leads to strong dissatisfaction of some car owners, and even plans to carry out "defense rights". .

The reporter has joined a QQ group of “Truck Yellow Label Vehicle Rights Protection”. During the conversation, it was found that the current owner’s dissatisfaction is concentrated in the local government’s restriction on its use and disposal rights. A Shaanxi car owner believes that since he has paid for a car and paid taxes, he has the right to use and dispose of the vehicle independently, and the yellow-label vehicle exhaust pollution is not caused by the owner’s fault and should not be borne by the owner. responsibility.

"Trucks are not produced by our car owners. Diesel is not produced by our drivers. We are all buying cars from regular channels. Some cars are factory-standard II. It hasn't been running for a few years. Now let's not go on the road, don't let We sell cars and force us to change new cars, which is very difficult to accept." The Shaanxi car owner said.

It is not easy to punish the award.

The policy still needs to be "grounded"

"The vehicle emissions are not up to standard is air pollution. The law in accordance with the law should be the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law. The law enforcement body should be an environmental protection department. It should be punished by the traffic police. It is difficult to curb the environmental violations." The traffic police told reporters that they would limit the line. In terms of measures, the punishment of the traffic police is based on violations of the prohibition signs and other regulations. In fact, the exhaust emissions of the yellow-label vehicles are not overlapping.

The traffic police said that it is another major cause of the yellow-label car's governance dilemma - implementation is difficult. In fact, judging from the current laws and regulations in China, neither the environmental protection nor the traffic control department has the power to force the yellow label car to be scrapped. The industry believes that the elimination of high-pollution vehicles such as yellow-label vehicles, in the long-term, should be amended as soon as possible, the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law", the promulgation of the yellow label car and the old car elimination policy and regulations, clear enforcement measures, the motor vehicle Some new policies, new measures and new regulations on pollution prevention are included.

"The measures to eliminate yellow-label vehicles should be rewarded and punished," said Cheng Dean, a professor at Southwest University of Political Science and Law. He believes that the subsidy for the yellow label car should be increased, the subsidy process should be simplified, and the yellow label owner should be guided to participate in the elimination of the yellow label vehicle. “Subsidy standards should, in principle, be acceptable to the owner or carry out a variety of customized replacements to minimize the losses caused by vehicle replacement.”

For the phenomenon of high-emission pollution vehicles diverting to rural areas, the industry suggested that in addition to prohibiting the yellow-label vehicles on the road, all areas should implement inter-regional joint prevention and control. Ma Zhonglin, deputy director of the Shaanxi Provincial Public Security Department, said that the public security organs in Shaanxi Province will also crack down on illegal activities such as illegal trading of used cars, illegal modification, illegal sale and purchase of scrapped vehicle assembly parts, and resolutely ban "black dens, black market, black factory." ".

In addition, according to Xiao Yang, vehicle management department of the Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of Guiyang City, from the perspective of automobile exhaust gas detection, the different working conditions of the automobile may cause different exhaust gas detection conditions, and the “green standard vehicle” may also exceed the standard. For example, when the cold car and the hot car are detected, the engine is measured under full power and heavy load operation and low load operation, and the fuel quality is different, which may affect the exhaust gas measurement data.

Therefore, some experts believe that in the long run, it can be considered to refer to foreign environmental protection departments on the road to randomly detect the emission of vehicles under normal driving conditions, strictly control the quality of oil products, multi-faceted to make a good "source", comprehensive policy. As Professor Cheng Dean said, "The relevant policies should be more 'grounded'."

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