Hydropower is one of the main directions for energy development

In the 12th Five-Year Plan, hydropower has become a type of energy that requires active development. China's water resources endowments, the degree of development and utilization of hydropower, and requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction have jointly decided to vigorously develop hydropower during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.

China's water resources endowment has a vast territory and abundant hydropower resources. The theoretical annual power generation capacity is 6 trillion kilowatt-hours, and the technologically exploitable capacity and economically exploitable capacity are 542 million kilowatts and 402 million kilowatts, respectively. However, during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, hydropower did not receive corresponding attention from resource endowments. During the three years from 2007 to 2009, the national approved hydropower capacity was only 2.34 million kilowatts, 7.24 million kilowatts, and 7.37 million kilowatts, respectively, which was almost stagnant. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, the hydropower start-up volume was only 20 million kilowatts, far below the 70 million kilowatts plan.

From the perspective of China's energy pattern and energy use trends, the development of hydropower is of great significance to China's energy development. The Development Committee of the State Council predicts that China’s electricity demand will reach 4.6 trillion kWh (corresponding installed capacity of more than 1 billion kilowatts) by 2020, more than double the number in 2005.

The energy shortage is a challenge that China is currently facing and will face for a long time to come. Per capita energy resources are only half of the world average. According to the existing development efforts, the recoverable reserves of China's oil, natural gas and coal can only be maintained for 20 years, 50 years and 100 years. China's hydropower (technically exploitable capacity) can generate 2.47 trillion kWh annually, which translates to 1.24 billion tons of raw coal or 620 million tons of crude oil.

One year of hydropower early development, theoretically, it will save 1.24 billion tons of raw coal or 620 million tons of crude oil each year, which will greatly save the cost of other energy sources.

From the perspective of the distribution of water resources in our country, the distribution of resources is very uneven, showing the characteristics of more in the west and less in the east, especially in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Guizhou and Chongqing (provinces, districts) and cities in the southwest of China. Capacity and economically exploitable capacity accounted for 67% and 59% of the country respectively, while hydropower resources in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces accounted for 61% and 85% of the Southwest. The southwestern hydropower to be developed is mainly concentrated in the Dadu River, Yalong River, Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River basins in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. Among them, 79 river cascade hydropower stations are planned in the two major river basins in the five major river basins, with a total installed capacity of 1.6. Billion kilowatts, the average annual power generation is 756.7 billion kwh.

Active development of hydropower in the 12th Five-Year Plan Given the limited renewable energy reserves and development conditions in China and the fact that economic growth has a rapid increase in electricity demand and a rapid increase in energy import dependence, it is bound to increase the task of developing hydropower to national energy security. Strategic height. All indications also indicate that the disputes arising from the environmental protection issues of hydropower development are moving from radical opposition to rational and objective development: On October 20, 2010, the Guandi Hydropower Station (2.4 million kilowatts installed) and the Tongzilin Hydropower Station on the Yalong River (600,000 kilowatts of installed capacity) started, with an investment of 16 billion yuan and 6.3 billion yuan respectively, which are scheduled to be completed in 2013 and 2016; before that, the 2.4 million-kilowatt hydropower project in Jinshaqiao of Jinsha River and Tibet’s Zangmu hydropower station have been acquired. Officially approved; On July 23, 2010, the Ludilahe Longkou Hydropower Station passed the environmental assessment and obtained approval.

Entering the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”, the gradual release of various favorable policies indicates that the new wave of hydropower development is approaching.

According to the “12th Five-Year Plan” energy development ideas announced by the National Energy Administration, hydropower will be actively developed under the premise of protecting the ecological environment and doing a good job of resettlement, and the development of key watersheds will be intensified. In the hydropower bases with abundant hydropower resources, good construction conditions, low development levels, and full environmental protection demonstrations such as the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, the Yalong River, the Dadu River, the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River, and the upper reaches of the Yellow River, a group of large and medium-sized hydropower stations or construction projects are under construction. In the early stage of work, large-scale hydropower stations such as Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu were completed as soon as possible, and the scale of new hydropower construction for the entire year will strive to reach more than 20 million kilowatts.

In the first draft of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” for renewable energy in China, the goals of large-scale hydropower construction have once again been demonstrated. The first draft proposes that the development of the renewable energy industry during the “12th Five-Year Plan” will focus on major hydropower project, tens of kilowatts of wind power projects, demonstration cities for renewable energy, and other projects. Hydropower construction is the main target for China’s “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”. one.

It is expected that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the keynote for hydropower development is to continue to accelerate the development and utilization of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Wujiang River, Nanpanjiang Hongshui River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the North Mainstream, Xiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Fujian, Northeast China and other seven hydropower The base will focus on the development of hydropower bases such as the Jinsha River, the Yalong River, the Dadu River, the Lancang River, the Nujiang River, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the Brahmaputra River. At the same time, China will also attach greater importance to the development and utilization of offshore hydropower resources and focus on the development of hydropower resources upstream of the Yijiang River in Myanmar.

By 2015, the installed capacity of conventional hydropower in the country is expected to reach about 284 million kilowatts, and the hydropower development level will reach about 71%, of which the basic hydropower development in the eastern and central regions will be completed, and the hydropower development in the western region will reach about 54%. By 2020, the national hydropower capacity is expected to reach about 330 million kilowatts, and the national hydropower development rate will reach 82%, of which the western hydropower development level will reach 67%. In 2015, the planned installed capacity of pumped-storage power stations will be about 41 million kilowatts, and by 2020 it will reach 60 million kilowatts.