Brakes are used on the cars of railway trains to enable deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them standing when parked. While the basic principle is familiar from road vehicle usage, operational features are more complex because of the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be effective on vehicles left without a prime mover. The brake shoe carries the Brake Block. The block was originally made of wood but is now usually cast iron. When the brake is applied, the shoe moves and presses the block against the tread of the wheel. As well as providing braking effort this also "scrubs" the wheel and keeps it clean. This scrubbing causes wear and tearon the wheel tread and often causes brake squeal. Tread brakes on passenger trains have now largely been superseded by disc brakes.
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On October 10, the State Council Executive Meeting reviewed and passed the "Regulations on the Management of Defective Automobile Product Recall" (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the "Draft"). The draft stipulates that if batches of automotive products are generally found to jeopardize the quality of safe use, they should stop production, sales, and imports immediately, and their producers should implement recalls and issue product defect information in a timely manner. For defective automotive products that are recalled, producers should take timely measures to eliminate defects.
Commercial vehicles need to be involved more
“At present, in China, the recall of defective automotive products is getting better and better, and the attitude of manufacturers has gradually become positive. It takes time to change concepts. Now it is in the process of transformation.†Expert of China Association of Automobile Manufacturers Committee expert Tan Xiuqing, vice president of Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd., told Commercial Auto News: “Although the contents of commercial vehicles are limited, they are also good for commercial vehicles. After all, they are used as production tools or carry dozens of people. If a passenger car or a tonnage of a large truck has an accident, the consequences will be very serious and the cost will be huge, so quality control is very important, and the promulgation of the draft will provide a good reminder for the quality control of production enterprises at the source. ."
Wang Jian, a professor at Chongqing Jiaotong University, analyzed the impact of the draft on the bus industry and said: “There is a fundamental difference between passenger cars and passenger cars. It is produced in small batches, and there are few large orders of more than 1,000. In general, the standardization of road passenger cars is high, which is contrary to the developed countries in foreign countries.They have a high degree of standardization of urban public transport, and the personalization of road passenger cars is obvious. Therefore, the draft has little impact on the passenger car industry. Further, the implementation of the draft for passenger cars. It is almost impossible to say 'bulk recall'.
“The passenger cars are the more discussed now, and it should be said that commercial vehicles have not yet entered the scope of discussion, but after all, there are rules and regulations for car recalls from now on, and nothing is stronger than before. In short, the draft It is a progress. At present, its greatest significance lies in paving the way for the next 'Three Guarantees' related policies. Otherwise, the 'Three Guarantees' policy will be difficult to achieve.' Industry insider Yang Zaiyu analyzed: 'The main purchase of commercial vehicles in China In terms of the use of the environment, it is also difficult to implement recalls.On the one hand, the main group of people buying commercial vehicles is to use commercial vehicles to make money. Some of these owners have limited awareness of their right to safeguard their rights because of limited cultural standards. There are only a limited number of owners who are busy making money, and will spend time and energy to file lawsuits to verify defects; on the other hand, due to the vast geographical area in China, there are also differences in the use of vehicles. Differences in product make it difficult to define whether the problem lies in the production process or the use of the product. Both the subjective and objective factors lead to the current commercial vehicle. Recall situation. It is hoped that more and more detailed recall regulations will involve commercial vehicles."
As early as March of this year, the National Corporation for Transportation Security (NHTSA) issued a message that German car manufacturer Daimler recalled more than 103,000 trucks in North America due to potential oil route problems. This time recalled some models of Freightliner, Sterling, and Western Star trucks that were manufactured from January 20, 2006 to February 2, 2012, which were equipped with Detroit Diesel engines. The news of such truck recalls rarely occurs in China, and passenger car recalls are almost unheard of.
Heavy penalties for manufacturers to consider
It is understood that in the United States, if NHTSA continuously receives a report that a commercial vehicle has a production defect, it will set up a corresponding investigation team to spot check the commercial vehicle and give the final result, and the company will immediately take a corresponding recall. Of course, it is not rare for companies to discover that there are production defects and to voluntarily recall them. Because the relevant laws and regulations are very strict, if they are lucky, then waiting for the company will be a huge fine.
According to the draft regulations, if a producer or operator has “has not stopped production, sales, or imports of defective automotive products,†and “the producer is ordered to recall and refuses to recall,†the value of the defective automobile product will be more than 2% and 10%. The following fines: Where there are illegal gains, the illegal proceeds are confiscated. If the circumstances are serious, the permitting agency shall revoke its relevant permits.
“If the maximum amount of the 10% penalty for the value of defective vehicles is the same, even for the light trucks and microbuses with an average price of 50,000 yuan, the company will also face a 'ten-million-penalty fine' in accordance with the conservative estimate of 2000 vehicles in the same batch. 'Therefore, it will have a great impact on companies that refuse to eliminate defects after they are unaware of their recall or recall.'
The draft also stipulates that the cost of eliminating defects and necessary transportation of defective automotive products shall be borne by the producer. The draft also imposes strict legal obligations on producers to conceal defects in automotive products or fail to recall defective automotive products as required. "There are few recalls of domestic car companies, but as the draft goes into effect, car companies will have to balance the cost of recalls with the huge cost of illegality," legal experts said.
In response to the scope of application of the Regulations, the original consultation draft incorporated foreign companies that were sold in the Chinese market into the scope of supervision and management, and treated them equally with domestic enterprises. Some experts said that with the “landing†of the regulations, it is expected that imported vehicles, joint venture vehicles and autonomous vehicles sold in China in the future will increase significantly in terms of recall frequency, recall batches, and single-batch recalls.
Another personage inside the industry believes that in the future, after the "car recall" and "car three guarantees" policies are in place, automobile manufacturers, dealers, and consumers will have some changes in the right to speak in the industrial chain. This will affect the entire automotive industry chain. Will have an impact.
The draft needs to be perfected
“The review of the draft means that the vehicle recalls have been formally upgraded to the national regulations from the departmental regulations (previously implemented by the “Defective Automobile Product Recall Management Regulationsâ€). The industry generally believes that the most critical aspect of the implementation of the draft supervision is whether it can be realized. The important thing is not the recall itself, but what the standard details of the recall are, and who will supervise the implementation of this standard. However, in the "Draft" mentioned in the "universal automobile products that endanger the quality of safe use, it should be Immediately stop production, sales, and import, and recall by their producers'. But how do you endanger the safe use? Is it related to sampling by the relevant quality supervision department or is it waiting for the vehicle to have batch quality problems and causing the owner to make a mass disturbance or complaint? How to supervise and enforce it becomes the biggest issue. It can be said that the draft needs further refinement and improvement,†said an industry insider.
It is understood that China began to implement the "Regulations on the Recall of Defective Automobile Products" from October 2004. In the past seven years, China has recalled about 400 vehicles and over 6.5 million vehicles. By 2011, China had implemented a total of 82 vehicle recalls, equivalent to one every five days, and the total number of recalled vehicles exceeded 1.8 million for the first time, the highest in years. Among them, 38 were recalled by domestic cars and 44 were recalled by imported cars. The sharp increase in the total recall volume, in addition to the rapid increase in vehicle ownership in China, is related to the improvement of domestic auto companies' quality control and defect investigation capabilities.
Because of the brand reputation, corporate image and the cost pressure brought about by the recall, many manufacturers are unwilling or simply refuse to recall, subjectively reluctant to eliminate hidden dangers. Even if recalled, it only refers to the vehicle. The mature automobile market in western countries regards the recall of automobile defects as the normal content, and its scope is very wide, including not only the whole vehicle but also auto parts and child seats. Just as Tan Xiuqing said, changing ideas requires time and the market needs to be mature. This requires companies to have social responsibilities and to be responsible for their own products. Enterprises that dare to take responsibility can do more.