Port knowledge

Since the water operation industry has such a bright future, we have learned more about the relevant knowledge of water transport, and we will focus today on port-related knowledge.

Depth in front of the pier : In any case, the water depth required for designing a full-scale loading and unloading operation for a standard hull can be guaranteed in front of the pier. In coastal ports with insufficient water depth, in order to enable larger ships to dock and enter the port to carry out loading and unloading operations, they are usually dug deep into suitable water areas (generally double ship widths) in front of the newly built terminals. When designing the low water level, the water depth required for designing a full-scale draft for a standard ship type can be achieved.

Port waters: The area of ​​water within the boundary line. It generally must meet two basic requirements: that is, the ship can safely enter and leave the port and leave the terminal; it can perform berthing and loading and unloading operations stably. The port waters mainly include the water areas in front of the quay, the inlet and outlet waterways, the turnaround water area of ​​the ship, the anchorage and the navigation aid mark.

Depth of port: Usually refers to a controlled depth of water that a ship can enter and leave the port to operate. It is a comprehensive concept and is publicly announced. The depth of the port is one of the important characteristics of the port, indicating its natural conditions and the basic boundaries that the ship may use. The water depth of the port under the control of the water depth limit, the depth of each part can be different (actually the same), the specific depth to a certain part, mainly based on the use of requirements and economic rationality to choose. The waterway, turnaround water area, and tide level are often taken into account in the harbor; the harbor and mooring areas are determined according to the minimum design water level guarantee rate; the berths may not be the same. After the basic starting water level of various waters is determined, the water depth can be determined according to the full-load draught of the design standard ship plus the minimum rich depth below the keel, taking into account the influence of waves, the increase of draught during navigation, and back silting. Their water depth is calculated as follows: (m). In the formula: --- Design standard ship type maximum draft (m) at full load; - Minimum rich depth (m) below the keel; - Consider rich depth of wave influence (meters); - Rich depth of sailing draft increase (meter ); -- Consider the backfilled rich depth (m) during the two dredging intervals.

Turning waters: Also known as swinging waters. The waters specially designed for ships when they need to turn around or change their course when they leave the port and enter or leave the port. Its size is related to the scale of the ship, the way of turning, the flow of water and the direction of wind speed. When the ship assists in turning by means of a tug, the diameter of the rotating inscribed circle is generally . The maximum total length of the ship. When the ship turns its own head, the diameter is generally not less than. The ship turns around in the water area (such as the inland river), and its turning trajectory is elliptical. The long diameter is not the same as the size of the flow rate, and can reach the maximum. In areas with poor hydrological and meteorological conditions, the above criteria will increase. Turning waters can generally be combined with the navigational waters in the harbor.

The depth of the turning water area, in the seaport and estuary port, the minimum water depth is generally considered in accordance with the principle of large vessels riding in and out of the port; the minimum depth of water in the river port is generally not greater than the minimum navigable depth of the channel control section.

Tide level: When a ship passes through a shallow section of a navigation channel (including an approach channel), due to the lack of water depth, a certain high tide level is often used to increase the depth to allow the vessel to pass. The water level that allows the ship to pass through the shallow section of the navigation channel at a certain high tide for a certain period of time is called the tide level. The concept of tide level is often used when designing the approach channel, the estuary shallows channel, and the height of the bottom of the dock dock. When determining how large the tidal level is, the length of the shallow section of the draft, which is designed to represent the type of ship, should be combined with the navigation. Speed, navigation density, etc., are compared and selected according to the actual local tidal level process line. Using the tide level to excavate the navigation channel can save the amount of work, but there are certain restrictions on the sailing time of the ship and it cannot be navigable at any time.

Inbound fairway: The passageway where the ship enters and exits the water area of ​​the port area and connects with the main channel. It is generally set in a water area where the natural water depth is good, and the amount of silt backwater is small. Cross-flow cross-flow and ice-free interference are avoided as much as possible. The arrangement direction is preferably in the form of a straight line in the water flow. According to the frequency of navigation of the ship, one-way navigation or two-way navigation may be adopted respectively. When the voyage density is relatively small (such as when the average daily navigable vessel is less than or equal to 1), in order to reduce the amount of excavation and siltation and siltation, after a technical and economic comparison and full study, one-way navigation can be considered. The width of the fairway is generally determined by factors such as the speed of the ship, the horizontal position of the ship, and possible lateral drift, plus the necessary affluence width. The water depth of the approach channel is subject to the principle of large vessels taking the tide into and out of Hong Kong under the conditions of large quantities of works and relatively difficult remediation. In the case of small projects or high voyage density, they can be readily The principle of access is determined. The depth of the inlet channel of Hegang shall guarantee the safe passage of the design standard ship type.

Although there are not many knowledge points in the article, the knowledge about the water depth in front of the wharf, the water area of ​​the harbor, the depth of the harbor, the turning water area, the tide level, and the approach channel will surely be understood.