Develop agricultural machinery and equipment to upgrade domestic agricultural machinery

Develop agricultural machinery and equipment to upgrade domestic agricultural machinery

The Jiuhequan Modern Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative of Teli City, Heilongjiang Province was established in September 2009. It is a large modern farmer professional cooperative with more than 120 large-scale agricultural machinery and equipment, both domestic and imported. Large-scale agricultural machinery has the advantages of specialization and corps farming. However, in the production practice, Lan Xing, the chairman of the board of directors, also has a hard time. "Domestic harvesters can be used but not easy to use. For example, the grain is seriously damaged when harvested, and more imports are used."

It is reported that the situation encountered by Jiuhequan Modern Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative is not a case. Throughout the country, although China's agricultural mechanization has developed rapidly in recent years, including the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvesting, the agricultural machinery industry output value has increased year by year, but the agricultural machinery industry as a post-modern product, like agricultural modernization and industrialization, and developed countries There is a big gap.

Reflecting on this, what is the problem in China's agricultural machinery development? Is it reasonable to question whether the industrialization has developed for so many years and the market for agricultural machinery has not been developed? How to make domestic agricultural machinery not only usable, but also easy to use?

63% mechanization rate of scientific and technological content

In recent years, the development speed of agricultural mechanization in China has been accelerating, the quality of development has been continuously improved, and the role of status has continued to increase.

Zhang Taolin, deputy director of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that the structure of agricultural machinery and equipment was significantly optimized. The holding capacity of large and medium-sized tractors, combine harvesters and rice transplanters was 1.53 times, 1.75 times and 2.1 times respectively at the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, and the proportion of small tractors continued to decline. The proportion of high-performance machines in the grain production sector continues to increase. The mechanization of the weak links of major crops has been rapidly advanced, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation has reached 63%, with an average annual increase of 2 percentage points.

The author understands that the industry has attributed it to two major events that occurred after 2004. One is that the National People's Congress passed the Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law; the other is China's purchase subsidy. In 2007, the subsidy amount was only 0.7 billion. Yuan, and the amount of subsidies for the central government in 2012 has reached 17.5 billion yuan.

“In the past few years, under the support of the Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law and the purchase subsidies, China’s agricultural mechanization has achieved a rapid development,” said Luo Xiwen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at South China Agricultural University.

According to the definition of agricultural mechanization development stage by experts of China Agricultural University, the level of agricultural mechanization below 40% is the primary development stage, 40%~70% is the medium-term development stage, and 70% is the development stage.

In Luo Xiwen's view, China's agricultural mechanization reached 63% in 2015, which is the mid-stage of mechanization development, and developed countries such as Europe and the United States have entered the stage of comprehensive mechanization and even informationization.

“This 63% is the result of extensive development.” Researcher Hu Zhichao, deputy director of the Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, told the author.

Luo Xiwen also agrees with this point of view. 63% of the level of agricultural mechanization can not fully calculate the level of scientific and technological content, mainly because the scientific and technological content of agricultural machinery itself and the scientific and technological content of agricultural machinery operation quality are not very high. "At present, China's agricultural machinery products are mainly based on low-end products."

Li Weiguo, director of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that in the face of the current new development situation and requirements, China's agricultural mechanization level has a large gap with developed countries, and it still cannot meet the requirements of modern agriculture. Even the gap between the development of some agricultural machinery products and the developed countries is expanding, and some key components must be imported.

On many occasions, Hu Zhichao will be asked how many years have passed between China and foreign agricultural machinery industry. Hu Zhichao explained this: Agricultural machinery is a concept of post-modernization. Only when a country's agricultural modernization, industrialization, and urbanization develop to a certain extent can it achieve rapid development.