The left picture starts with the CGN 40-megawatt solar thermal power generation project, and its early small-scale trough test power station has been shut down.

The following picture shows the Qinghai Province light and thermal industry technology innovation base, which is responsible for the development of China's light and thermal industry, is under construction.

Reading tips

The demonstration price of CSP and 20 demonstration projects just confirmed by the country have greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of all circles to pay attention to CSP, the capital market is surging, and energy companies are eager to try. The first Delingha Light Conference held in September this year attracted the world's practitioners to come to the meeting and observe, which made the small town of Delingha, the capital of Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, a lively city with a population of less than 100,000 people.

For the country, the city of Delingha is not famous. The rolling snow-capped mountains, vast deserts, scattered sandstones and clumps of camel thorns are the main sights here. Because China's first commercial operation of the solar thermal power station - the central control tower solar power project and the Qinghai province's light and thermal industry technology innovation base, let the world see the value of this land. Recently, the reporter visited this survey and found that although the solar thermal power generation has just started, it has given birth to endless energy.

From Delingha first to intensive construction

From Beijing to the northwest of Qinghai, the small town of Delingha is more than 2,000 kilometers away. You need to stay in Xining for one night by plane, and then transfer to the flight the next morning. In the past few days, the only plane from Xining to Delingha was filled up every day, and those who failed to catch the plane had to find a way to change the train for five hours.

10 kilometers west of Delingha City, you can see the Qinghai Light and Thermal Industry Technology Innovation Base. Two towers of more than 90 meters reflect the extremely dazzling white light, which is spectacular under the backdrop of Qilian Mountain. The eyes of passers-by.

Into the exploration, more than 20,000 surface heliostats neatly arranged on the ground. Each mirror automatically adjusts the direction, accurately reflects the sunlight to the endothermic tower located in the center of the mirror array, heats the molten salt to 565 degrees Celsius, enters the high temperature molten salt tank for storage, and then exchanges heat with high temperature molten salt to produce high pressure. The superheated steam is then sent to the generator house not far away to push the steam turbine to rotate and output high quality green electric energy. This is the first phase of the project of China's first successful grid-connected commercial solar thermal power station, the central control Delingha 50 MW tower thermal power station.

In July 2013, Zhongkong Solar's 10 MW water-mass tower-type photothermal power station was officially connected to the grid. In August 2016, Zhongkong Solar Delingha 10MW lava salt tower photothermal power station broke through the whole process and successfully connected to the grid for power generation. The whole process technology of molten salt tower CSP was completely localized and completely broke. Foreign technical barriers have achieved a major breakthrough in China's CSP technology.

Xu Neng, vice president of Zhejiang Zhongkong Solar Technology Co., Ltd., told the Economic Daily reporter that in addition to localization of technology, the project also achieved a high localization rate of molten salt tower type photothermal power station equipment, except for molten salt pumps and molten salt flow meters. In addition to imported products with molten salt level gauges, other equipment has been localized, and the localization rate of equipment has reached more than 95%. "We use domestically produced equipment as much as possible, on the one hand to reduce costs, and on the other hand to cultivate domestic equipment suppliers. Only by achieving localization, China's solar thermal industry will have a future." Xu Neng said.

Xu Neng revealed that it is precisely because of the advantages of these autonomy that the capital gain rate of the power station can exceed 10% under the current benchmark price of 1.15 yuan per kWh determined by the state.

In addition to the tower-type solar thermal power station, China's first 50-megawatt commercial-scale trough solar thermal power generation project is also under construction. The project will invest 1.8 billion yuan and is expected to be fully connected to the grid in 2017. “The project is mainly used to develop and verify independent and low-cost CSP technology, while filling domestic gaps and building a world-class level testing laboratory and testing platform.” Project owner Liu Dayong, project manager of CGN Solar Energy Management Center, expects the entire project. It can consume 600,000 square meters of glass and 30,000 square meters of cement.

At the same time, the world's first molten salt Fresnel commercialized thermal power station - Lanzhou Dacheng Dunhuang molten salt linear Fresnel 50 MW CSP demonstration project was also started in neighboring province of Dunhuang, Gansu.

The intensive start of the solar thermal power station also attracted the active participation of upstream and downstream enterprises. Qinghai Ainengsen New Material Technology Co., Ltd. built a high-efficiency composite molten salt base for heat storage in CSP systems in Delingha. Xu Huifen, vice president of the company, said: “Only Haixi has obtained approval for CSP stations. The installed capacity of the power station is 970 megawatts, and the molten salt demand is expected to be 600,000 tons. We are confident in the development prospects of the solar thermal industry."

Due to the huge market for light and heat in China, many foreign companies also hope to squeeze in and share a piece of it. Insulation materials operated by Morgan Advanced Materials of the United Kingdom have been successfully used in the central control power station project. This time, the project manager Yin Yijie came to Delingha from Shanghai, hoping to acquire more customers.

"At present, the solar thermal industry is welcoming a good opportunity for development. After the introduction of the electricity price policy, the list of solar thermal demonstration projects that the industry is highly concerned with is also announced later. These all indicate that CSP has opened a new historical turning point." Wei Zhaofeng, the full-time vice chairman of the ITU, said.

Demonstration price is reasonable

For the solar thermal industry, this September is unusual. Following the notice issued by the National Development and Reform Commission on September 1, it was approved that the demonstration price of solar thermal power generation benchmarks was 1.15 yuan per kWh. On September 14, the National Energy Administration announced 20 solar thermal power generation demonstration projects with a total installed capacity. 13.49 million kilowatts. At this point, the industry is enthusiastic and the project is intensive.

It is timely for the country to start the solar thermal industry at the moment. From the international situation, CSP has entered an outbreak period. From 2010 to 2015, the global installed capacity of CSP has jumped from 2 million kilowatts to 5 million kilowatts. The United States has successively built typical projects such as the Crescent Moon Dunes, and has gradually matured. At the same time, many developing countries such as India and Morocco are also building some CSP projects and directly replacing traditional fossil energy sources.

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's CSP industry has already accumulated very well. "At present, China's solar thermal industry has formed a certain foundation in basic research, technology research and development, key equipment, engineering practice and other fields, and has accumulated certain experience. Even in some important technical fields, research is in an international leading position, and engineering applications are in the process of being From the accumulation of quantity to the qualitative leap, the breakthrough of points to the important period of system capacity improvement." Wei Zhaofeng said.

The 20 demonstration projects selected from 109 projects have also been highly anticipated. Xing Yiteng, deputy director of the New Energy and Renewable Energy Department of the National Energy Administration, said that, first of all, he hopes to promote the industrialization of various technologies through demonstration projects. Secondly, he hopes to cultivate the production capacity and system capacity of the entire industrial chain. The thermal power generation industry has become a strategic emerging industry in China. Third, it is necessary to form advanced technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Fourth, it is hoped that a market and policy environment will be formed nationwide, and a framework and system for policy support will be created to promote industrial scale. development of.

“Recently, the most important thing is to promote demonstration projects. After the first batch of CSP projects are completed and put into operation, there will be more clear expectations for the development scale and path of CSP in the future.” National Development and Reform Commission Energy Research When the researcher said, Julie said.

However, there are currently voices that believe that the price of 1.15 yuan is lower. In this regard, Xing Yiteng pointed out that renewable energy subsidies will reach 60 billion yuan by the end of this year. If the electricity price is too high, not only will there be pressure on future subsidies, but more importantly, companies with mixed resources may enter the industry. At present, this price of electricity can only be accepted by enterprises that are truly outstanding, and other companies have no room for operation. "We believe that this price is relatively scientific and reasonable, and it can achieve the effect of survival of the fittest."

The reporter also learned that due to the different heat storage hours and the different degrees of localization, the cost of the project unit is different, generally 20,000 to 30,000 yuan / kW. Under this circumstance, after the launch of more than 1 million kilowatts of China's first batch of CSP demonstration projects, there will be a project investment market of 20 billion to 30 billion yuan, and drive the development of related industries.

Cost reduction is a big pressure

China's CSP at the initial stage is still facing a series of difficulties. “First, high cost, high-performance core equipment components need to be imported, and localized manufacturing level is low. Second, there are few successful experiences in actual operation, and historical data that can be borrowed is limited, and further exploration and accumulation are needed. Third, standard systems and standards. Lack of, the entire process standard system with design, construction, commissioning and operation has not been established." Xu Jigang, party secretary of the Engineering Research Institute of China Energy Construction Group Co., Ltd. said.

Due to the lack of practical operational experience and mature industry support, completion on time has become the most urgent task of the demonstration power station. According to the National Development and Reform Commission's "Notice on the On-grid Electricity Price Policy for Solar Thermal Power Generation", power stations that enjoy the demonstration price should be put into operation before December 31, 2018.

In the view of Liu Xiaobing, secretary general of the National Solar Thermal Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, this time is a bit nervous. "According to China's solar thermal power generation technology capabilities, product levels, practical experience, service support and other aspects, at this stage a power plant of more than 50 megawatts, if it is from construction preparation to formal commissioning, it will take at least two and a half years. This may be okay for those power stations that have started construction at the same time as the electricity price and those who have previously demonstrated the concentrating field. I am really worried about whether other projects can be put into operation on time."

Compared with thermal power, compared with "close relatives" photovoltaics, it seems that there is no advantage in the current large-scale thermal power station. Xing Yiteng revealed that the average price of the 1.15 yuan demonstration price of the demonstration project exceeded 0.9 yuan. Most of the current electricity prices are supported by state subsidies. On the other hand, the price of photovoltaic bidding in the three types of regions has reached 0.61 yuan, and wind power is even lower. “The short-term competition between light and heat is related to clean energy such as photovoltaics. In the long run, it competes with traditional energy sources such as thermal power. Therefore, we need to reduce costs from technological innovation.”

According to the data released by the National Energy Administration, the cost of CSP in the United States in 2010 was US$0.21/kWh. It is expected to fall to US$0.06/kWh by 2020 through technological advancement and large-scale application, which is in line with thermal power generation. As of 2015, the cost of electricity for solar thermal projects in the United States has been reduced to $0.13/kWh.

In addition, the lack of commercial investment in commercial thermal power plants, the current system integration capabilities, key technologies and equipment of solar thermal power plants are difficult to verify. Yao Zhihao, general manager of First Air Energy Saving and Thermal Technology Co., Ltd. said that CSP is not a new technology. The most lacking in China is “experience”. The cost of experience abroad is too high, and it will encounter the problem of “acclimatization”. How to effectively link the light-heat collection and the unit power generation, how to achieve accurate mirror-reading "chasing the sun" and large-scale storage of molten salt in the heat storage tank, whether the domestic equipment can withstand the test... These experiences are impossible to make in the laboratory. It is necessary to verify and debug through the operation of commercial power stations.

Development should avoid overheating investment

“The development of the solar thermal industry should avoid overheating.” Li Yingbo, an associate professor at the School of Public Administration at Tsinghua University, warned that enterprises and local governments must do a good job of global analysis, including the pattern of competition in the solar thermal industry, the characteristics of industrial development, and the advantages of local resource endowments. Select projects and technical routes to avoid investment risks. In this regard, the photovoltaic industry has had a foresight before, and eventually led to overcapacity, many companies suffered significant losses. The development of the solar thermal industry must avoid this.

The rational development of the industry is inseparable from the overall planning of the country. Compared with wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other renewable energy sources, the research on industrial and market planning at the national level is extremely weak. It is urgent to study and formulate the industrial and market planning of CSP, including the positioning of CSP. Make systematic planning for industrial system, industrial structure, industrial chain, spatial layout, economic and social environmental impact, and implementation plan.

Xue Lingyun, chairman of Baijirui New Energy Co., Ltd. told reporters that at present, China's commercial operation of CSP projects has just started, and the relevant parameters of equipment manufacturing, system control, and operational safety are gradually accumulating and perfecting. In the process of establishing the system, it is necessary to take into account the actual data of multiple types and multiple actual running projects. In the practice of specific light and heat engineering of dynamic construction, accurately grasp the actual operating parameters of the solar thermal power station, and through a rigorous scientific comparison, summarize and refine the standards and rules that can be implemented in accordance with the healthy development of the industry.

For example, the long-term planning of solar energy utilization requires the establishment of a data collection mechanism for solar energy resources. The reporter's investigation found that the distribution of China's meteorological stations is dense in the east and rare in the west, and the 98 radiation observation stations of the National Meteorological Bureau's observing system contain less than 20 direct radiation, which is extremely incompatible with the vast territory of China. The data on solar direct resources is seriously insufficient, which will have an adverse impact on China's use of solar energy resources in the future. “Different areas require different data, such as temperature, light and other climatic conditions, the database can be established to provide better services to enterprises.” Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department Director Xie Yuan said.

Wang Yi, director of the Power Generation Standards Division of the China Electricity Council Standardization Management Center, said that the development of relevant standards, procedures and specifications, and the development of a large-scale development of the technical system can drive the industrialization and scale of CSP equipment and further reduce equipment cost and power generation. cost. It is also possible to go out and enhance the voice and competitiveness of China's solar thermal technology in the international arena. With the development of the domestic solar thermal industry, the photothermal standardization work has also made positive progress, and many standards have already led the world.

“CSP is not only generating electricity, it also drives a long industrial chain. It not only drives strategic emerging industries, but also drives the de-capacity of traditional industries. Its heat storage characteristics can even be used as a base power source to directly replace traditional energy sources. Play a bigger role." Xing Yiteng said.

12*12 Carbide Insert Knives

SICHUAN TELOS NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD , https://www.telosmaterial.com